The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Stroke Association have released updated guidelines to prevent strokes, the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Strokes affect an estimated 500,000 Americans each year, yet up to 80% of them are preventable with improved lifestyle choices and risk management. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by blockage or a ruptured blood vessel, depriving the brain of oxygen. This can cause serious difficulties in thinking, speaking, and walking, or even result in death. Globally, strokes are a leading cause of death and disability, affecting over 100 million people.
The guidelines, the first in a decade, emphasize better prevention strategies informed by recent research. These include maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking. The Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil—is strongly recommended for reducing risks like high cholesterol and obesity. Red meat and saturated fats should be limited, while protein sources such as beans, nuts, and seafood are preferred. Processed foods and sugary drinks should also be avoided to help manage blood sugar levels and prevent weight gain.
Physical activity is another cornerstone of stroke prevention. Experts recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly. Even small amounts of daily movement, such as walking for 10 minutes, can lower stroke risk by reducing blood pressure. Activities like dancing, playing sports, or using home exercise equipment are encouraged for maintaining heart health and overall fitness.
The guidelines also highlight advancements in medical tools for managing risk factors. For instance, new weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy, initially developed for obesity or diabetes, are now recommended for patients at higher stroke risk. Additionally, doctors are urged to screen for a broader range of risk factors, including economic and gender-specific health challenges. Screening for conditions like high blood pressure during pregnancy and early menopause is particularly important for identifying women at increased risk.
Recognizing the signs of a stroke and acting swiftly is critical. Common symptoms include facial weakness, arm weakness, and difficulty speaking, summarized by the acronym FAST—Face, Arm, Speech, Time. Prompt treatment can limit brain damage and improve outcomes. If you suspect someone is having a stroke, immediate medical attention is essential, as timely intervention can save lives.
